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How do you refer to embryonic stem cells and reprogrammed skin cells to meiosis and mitosis?

The question pretty much says it all. What im trying to ask is: how do i identify the interrelationships of Meiosis and mitosis and the systemic level (ZYGOTE) with respect to stem cells and reprogrammed skin cells? its one of my questions on my assignment and its really confusing me, any help would be much appreciated! :)

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  1. Here are some useful site that may describe the question you have asked... http://stemcells.nih.gov/StemCells/Templates/StemCellContentPage.aspx?NRMODE=Published&NRNODEGUID=%7b5C2D6485-9509-481F-B0E0-5F7865F5C69A%7d&NRORIGINALURL=%2fresearch%2fscilit%2fhighlights%2fhighlights2007%2ehtm&NRCACHEHINT=NoModifyGuest#reprogram ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Human stem cells Human Skin Cells Reprogrammed In 2006, Japanese scientists were able to reprogram adult mouse skin cells to behave like mouse embryonic stem cells, although the reprogrammed cells could not produce eggs or sperm (gametes). The scientists named the cells iPS cells, for induced pluripotent stem cells. In 2007, the Japanese researchers successfully generated gametes from iPS cells, and their results were verified and extended by another independent laboratory. Now, simultaneous publications from the Japanese scientists and a team of NIH-supported scientists report that they have each succeeded at reprogramming adult human skin cells to behave like human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). The Japanese team forced adult skin cells to express Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc, while the NIH-supported team forced adult skin cells to express OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, and LIN28. The genes were all chosen for their known importance in maintaining the so-called "stemness" properties of stem cells. In both reports, the adult skin cells are thus reprogrammed into human iPS cells that demonstrate important characteristics of pluripotency, including the ability to differentiate into cells characteristic of each embryonic germ layer. The techniques reported by these research teams will enable scientists to generate patient-specific and disease-specific human stem cell lines for laboratory study, and to test potential drugs on human cells in culture. However, these human iPS cells are not yet suitable for use in transplantation medicine. The current techniques use viruses that could generate tumors or other undesirable mutations in cells derived from iPS cells. Scientists are now working to accomplish reprogramming in adult human cells without using potentially dangerous viruses. passage taken from......... http://stemcells.nih.gov/StemCells/Templates/StemCellContentPage.aspx?NRMODE=Published&NRNODEGUID=%7b5C2D6485-9509-481F-B0E0-5F7865F5C69A%7d&NRORIGINALURL=%2fresearch%2fscilit%2fhighlights%2fhighlights2007%2ehtm&NRCACHEHINT=NoModifyGuest#reprogram -------------------------------------------------------------------- In the same website learn about the human stem cells.
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